4.1 General description
4.1.1 Model Environmental Management System
The environmental management system described in this International Standard, follows the model of governance "Planning - Implementation - Verification - Action» («Plan - Do - Check - Act» (PDCA)). Model environmental management system and process of continuous improvement is reflected in Figure 1. For more information on the PDCA model, see "Practical help - Model environmental management system."
Figure 1 - Model Environmental Management System for the International Standard
Environmental management system is best viewed as an organizational structure, followed by a continuous watch and which must be periodically reviewed to ensure that environmental management has developed an effective way in response to changing internal and external factors. All levels of an organization must commit themselves to working to achieve the relevant environmental objectives.
When first implementing an environmental management system, the organization should focus on the obvious advantages, such as an immediate cost savings and ensuring compliance with related mainly to significant environmental aspects of its activities, products and services. As soon as the environmental management system takes the form, we can introduce the methodology and software technology to further improve environmental performance. Over time, environmental issues are taken into account when making any business decisions.
Practical help - Model Environmental Management System PDCA - «Planning - Implementation - Verification - Action» («Plan - Do - Check - Act«) - is an ongoing iterative process that enables organizations to establish, implement and carry out its environmental policy (see 4.2) for the leading role of leadership, which undertakes to implement an environmental management system (see 4.1.2). Once organizations understand their current position in relation to the environment (see 4.1.4), you must take the following steps to implement this ongoing process: a) Planning: the continuity of the planning process (sm.4.3), which allows the organization to 1) determine the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services and the corresponding environmental impact (sm.4.3.1); 2) determine the appropriate legal standards and other requirements, which assumes the organization, and to monitor their compliance and to establish internal performance measures, where appropriate (see 4.3.2); 3) establish objectives and targets environmental performance and to formulate programs to achieve them (see 4.3.3.1 and 4.3.3.2), as well as 4) Develop and implement performance indicators (see 4.3.3.3). b) Execution: the implementation and application of environmental management system (see 4.4) 1) establishment of management structures, assigning roles and responsibilities with the provision of sufficient authority, 2) provision of appropriate resources (see 4.4.1); 3) training of persons working in the organization or on its behalf, and providing them with knowledge and competence (see 4.4.2); 4) basis of the internal and external communication (sm.4.4.3); 5) establishment and maintenance of documentation (see 4.4.4); 6) implementation and monitoring of the documentation (sm.4.4.5); 7) introduction and implementation of operational control (see 4.4.6), as well as 8) preparedness and emergency response (see 4.4.7). c) Verification: Technology assessment of environmental management system (see 4.5) 1) implementation DC monitoring and measurement (See 4.5.1), 2) assessment of the degree of compliance (see 4.5.2) 3) identification of non-compliance and taking corrective and preventive action (see 4.5.3) 4) maintaining records (see 4.5.4), as well as 5) conduct periodic internal audits (see 4.5.5). d) Action: Revision of the Environmental Management System environment and measures to improve it (see 4.6) 1) review the environmental management system by the management at appropriate intervals (see 4.6.1), and 2) identification of possible areas of improvement (sm.4.6.2). This continuous process allows an organization to continually improve its environmental management system and its overall environmental performance. |
4.1.2 Support and leadership of senior management
To ensure success at an early stage of implementation or improvement of environmental management system need to enlist the support of senior management of the organization to improve management of environmental aspects of activities, products and services to the organization. Ongoing support and leadership of senior management are essential. Determining the benefits of environmental management systems, as well as the problems which this system will help to avoid, can help provide support and leadership of senior management.
4.1.3 Scope of the Environmental Management System
Top management should define the scope of the environmental management system. That is, top management must define the boundaries of the organization within which the system of environmental management. After determining the scope of the environmental management system, all activities, products and services to organizations located within the designated area should be included in an environmental management system.
4.1.4 The initial review of the environmental situation
The organization, which does not have an environmental management system should assess the current environmental situation with the help of a special analysis. The purpose of this analysis is to consider the environmental aspects of activities, products and services to the organization as a basis for establishing an environmental management system.
For an organization in which there is an environmental management system, such an analysis is not required, although it may help to improve the existing system of environmental management.
The analysis should cover the following main areas:
a) identifying environmental aspects, including issues related to normal operating conditions, abnormal conditions, including starting and stopping, as well as emergency situations and accidents;
b) definition of the relevant legal standards and other requirements to be followed by the organization;
c) analysis of existing policies and procedures of environmental management including those that linked with activity on purchase and contracts;
d) assessment of emergency situations and accidents that have occurred in the past.
This analysis may also consider the following aspects:
- performance evaluation in comparison with the applicable internal criteria, external standards, regulations, rules and regulations and a set of principles and norms,
- opportunity to acquire a competitive advantage,
- views of interested parties, and
- Other organizations that can help to increase the environmental effectiveness or retard it.
The analysis can be used to determine the scope of the environmental management system organization, development or improvement of environmental policy, planning and targeting of environmental indicators and to establish the effectiveness of the organization's approach to ensuring compliance with applicable legal requirements and other requirements that must comply with the organization.
Practical help - Initial review of the environmental situation For the analysis of existing policies and procedures of environmental management can use the following methods: a) interviewers who worked or working in present time in the organization or on its behalf, to determine the scope of activities, products and services to the organization's past and present; b) evaluation of internal organization and external relations with stakeholders, including claims cases related to the relevant laws or other requirements that must comply with the organization, past incidents and accidents related to the environment; c) gathering information related to current management practices, such as 1) process control when purchasing hazardous chemicals, 2) storage and transportation of chemicals (for example, returnable packaging, handling, storage of incompatible chemicals) 3) control of the proceeds of pollutants into the atmosphere fugitive, 4) methods of waste disposal 5) equipment for ensure Emergency Preparedness and respond to emergencies 6) use resources (eg, use of office lighting after work) 7) protection of vegetation and habitat of living organisms during construction, 8) temporary change in technology (eg, changes in crop rotation schemes that affect the discharge of fertilizer into water) 9) environmental training program 10) order review and approval procedures, operational controls, as well as 11) completeness of audit trails and / or facilitation process for extracting archive records The analysis can be carried out using checklists, diagrams, process flow, interviews, direct inspection, the results of past and current measurements, the results of previous audits or other tests, depending on the nature of activities, products and services to the organization. Results of the analysis should be documented, so that they can be used in determining the scope of the environmental management system, in its implementation or development, including environmental policy organization.
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